Survivorship Bias

Survivorship Bias

Reading Time: 6 minutes Key Points   Abraham Wald, a young statistician, made a profound observation during World War II that saved countless lives. The concept he illuminated was the “Survivorship Bias,” a cognitive error where we focus solely on the...
Issue Trees

Issue Trees

Reading Time: 5 minutes Key Points   Issue trees help deconstruct and map out problems systematically. They are instrumental in breaking a big problem into smaller, more manageable parts and prioritizing them. Issue trees can be categorized into problem trees,...
Ishikawa Diagram

Ishikawa Diagram

Reading Time: 5 minutes Key Points   Ishikawa diagrams help identify the root causes of problems. It helps deconstruct intricate problems into manageable parts, paving the way for clear, logical thinking. You can apply this method individually or in a group...
Climbing the Ladder of Inference

Climbing the Ladder of Inference

Reading Time: 6 minutes Key Points   The Ladder of Inference, developed by former Harvard professor Chris Argyris, is a tool designed to aid in more informed and reality-based decision-making by avoiding rushed conclusions. The ladder has seven steps: Available...
The Minto Pyramid

The Minto Pyramid

Reading Time: 5 minutes Key Points The Minto Pyramid is a structured communication method that employs a top-down structure, leading with the conclusion, followed by key points, and detailed information. This method is efficient, respecting the audience’s time...